=============================MODULE6=======================================
|                                                                         |
|  The program examples' source codes have been arranged in the same      |
|  order that appeared in the Tutorial. This is unedited and unverified   |
|  compilation. Published as is basis for educational, reacretional and   |
|  brain teaser purposes. All trademarks, copyrights and IPs, wherever    |
|  exist, are the sole property of their respective owner and/or          |
|  holder. Any damage or loss by using the materials presented in this    |
|  tutorial is USER responsibility. Part or full distribution,            |
|  reproduction and modification is granted to any body.                  |
|     Copyright 2003-2005 © Tenouk, Inc. All rights reserved.		  |
|          Distributed through http://www.tenouk.com			        |
|        		                                                        |
|									                    |
===========================================================================
Originally programs compiled using Borland C++. Examples compiled using
VC++/VC++ .Net and gcc or g++ are given at the end of every Module.
For example if you want to compile C++ codes using VC++/VC++ .Net, change
the header file accordingly.  Just need some modification for the header
files...:

-------------------------------------------------
#include <iostream.h>
//for system()
#include <stdlib.h>

...
{
C++ codes...
}
-------------------------------------------------
should be changed to:
-------------------------------------------------
#include <iostream>
//use C++ wrapper to call C functions from C++ programs...
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

...
{
C++ codes...
}
-------------------------------------------------
In VC++/VC++ .Net the iostream.h (header with .h) is not valid anymore.
It should be C++ header, <iostream> so that it comply to the standard.
In older Borland C++ compiler this still works, but not proper any more...
and for standard C/C++ the portability should be no problem or better
you read Module23 at http://www.tenouk.com/Module23.html to get
the big picture...For C codes, they still C codes :o)
=========================================================================
=========================================================================


#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
  float rate = 5.0;
  int   hours = 25;

  float pay = (float) hours * rate;
  printf("\nPay = $%.2f \n", pay);
  return 0;
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Chnage the header files accordingly for other C++ examples...
//#include <iostream>
//#include <cstdlib>
//using namespace std;

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int  job_code;
	double housing_allowance, entertainment_allowance, car_allowance;

	cout<<"Available job codes: 1 or non 1:\n"<<endl;
	cout<<"Enter job code: ";
	cin>>job_code;
       //if 1 is selected
	if(job_code==1)
	{
		car_allowance = 200.00;
		housing_allowance = 800.00;
		entertainment_allowance = 250.00;

		cout<<"--THE BENEFITS--\n";
		cout<<"Car allowance: "<<car_allowance<<endl;
		cout<<"Housing allowance: "<<housing_allowance<<endl;
		cout<<"Entertainment allowance: "<<entertainment_allowance<<endl;
	}
       //other than 1
	else
	{
		car_allowance = 100.00;
		housing_allowance = 400.00;
		entertainment_allowance = 150.00;

		cout<<"--THE BENEFITS--\n";
		cout<<"Car allowance: "<<car_allowance<<endl;
		cout<<"Housing allowance: "<<housing_allowance<<endl;
		cout<<"Entertainment allowance: "<<entertainment_allowance<<endl;
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
 }

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{

	char  job_title;
	int   years_served, no_of_pub;

	cout<<"Enter data \n";
	cout<<"Current job (Tutor-T, lecturer-L, Assoc prof-A): ";
	cin>>job_title;
	cout<<"Years served: ";
	cin>>years_served;
	cout<<"No of publication: ";
	cin>>no_of_pub;

if(job_title == 'T')
	{
		if(years_served > 15)
			if(no_of_pub > 10)
				cout<<"\nPromote to lecturer";
			else
			cout<<"\nMore publications required";
		else
		cout<<"\nMore service required";
	}
else if(job_title == 'L')
{
		if(years_served > 10)
			if(no_of_pub > 5)
				cout<<"\nPromote to Assoc professor";
			else
			cout<<"\nMore publications required";
		else
		cout<<"\nMore service required";
}
else if(job_title == 'A')
{
	if(years_served > 5)
		if(no_of_pub > 5)
			cout<<"\nPromote to professor";
		else
			cout<<"\nMore publications required";
	else
		cout<<"\nMore service required";
}

cout<<"\n";

system("pause");
return 0;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
  	int mark;

	cout<<"Enter student's mark:  ";
	cin>>mark;
	
	if (mark < 40)
  		cout<<"Student grade = F";
   	else if (mark < 50)
  		cout<<"Student grade = E";
	else if (mark < 60)
		cout<<"Student grade = D";
	else if (mark < 70)
		cout<<"Student grade = C";
	else if (mark < 80)
		cout<<"Student grade = B";
	else
		cout<<"Student grade = A";
   cout<<"\n";

   system("pause");
   return 0;
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Program example of if-else statement.  This program
//is to test whether a banking transaction is a deposit,
//withdrawal, transfer or an invalid transaction,
//and to take the necessary action.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
float   amount;
char    transaction_code;

cout<<"D - Cash Deposit, W - Cash Withdrawal, T - Cash Transfer\n";
cout<<"\nEnter the transaction code(D, W, T); ";

cin>>transaction_code;

if (transaction_code == 'D')
     {
      cout<<"\nDeposit transaction";
      cout<<"\nEnter amount:   ";
      cin>>amount;
      cout<<"\nPROCESSING....Please Wait";
      cout<<"\nAmount deposited: "<<amount;
      cout<<"\n---THANK YOU!/TERIMA KASIH!---";
      }
else
      if (transaction_code == 'W')
      {
      cout<<"\nWithdrawal transaction";
      cout<<"\nEnter amount: ";
      cin>>amount;
      cout<<"\nPROCESSING....Please Wait";
      cout<<"\nAmount withdrawn: "<<amount;
      cout<<"\n---THANK YOU!/TERIMA KASIH!---";
      }
else
      if (transaction_code == 'T')
      {
        cout<<"\nTransfer transaction";
        cout<<"\nEnter amount: ";
        cin>>amount;
        cout<<"\nPROCESSING....Please Wait";
        cout<<"\nAmount transferred: "<<amount;
        cout<<"\n---THANK YOU!/TERIMA KASIH!---";
        }
else  {
         cout<<"\nInvalid transaction!!";
         cout<<"D = Deposit, W = Withdrawal, T = Transfer";
         cout<<"\nPlease enters the correct transaction code: ";
	}
cout<<"\n";

system("pause");
return  0;
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Sample program, Menu selection
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    char   selection;

    cout<<"\n Menu";
    cout<<"\n========";

    cout<<"\n  A - Append";
    cout<<"\n  M - Modify";
    cout<<"\n  D - Delete";
    cout<<"\n  X - Exit";
    cout<<"\n Enter selection: ";
    cin>>selection;
     switch(selection)
{
    case 'A' : {cout<<"\n To append a record\n";}
               break;
    case 'M' : {cout<<"\n To modify a record";}
		break;
    case 'D' : {cout<<"\n To delete a record";}
          	break;
    case 'X' : {cout<<"\n To exit the menu";}
          	break;
    //Other than A, M, D and X...
    default : cout<<"\n  Invalid selection";
    //No break in the default case
  }
  cout<<"\n";

  system("pause");
  return 0;
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//A simple for statement
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
	int count;
	
	//display the numbers 1 through 10
	for(count = 1; count <= 10; count++)
	  printf("%d   ", count);
	printf("\n");

	system("pause");
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//program to show the nested loops
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	//variables for counter…
	int   i, j;

	//outer loop, execute this first...
	for(i=1; i<11; i++)
	{
		cout<<"\n"<<i;

		//then...execute inner loop with loop index j
		//the initial value of j is i + 1
		for(j=i+1; j<11; j++)
		  //Display result…		
		  cout<<j;
		  //increment counter by 1 for inner loop…
	}
	//increment counter by 1 for outer loop…
	cout<<"\n";

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*Nesting two for statements*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

//function prototype
void  DrawBox(int, int);

void  main()
{
  //row = 10, column = 25...
  //function call
  DrawBox(10, 25);
}

void  DrawBox(int row, int column)
{
	int  col;

	//row, execute outer for loop...
	//start with the preset value and decrement
	//until 1
	for( ; row > 0; row--)
	{
		//column, execute inner loop...
		//start with preset col, decrement until 1
		for(col = column; col > 0; col--)
		  //print #....
		  printf("#");
		  //decrement by 1 for inner loop...
		  //go to new line for new row...
		  printf("\n");
	}
	//decrement by 1 for outer loop...then repeat...

	system("pause");
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Demonstrates a simple while statement
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int  calculate;

	//print the numbers 1 through 12
	//set the initial value...
	calculate = 1;

	//set the while condition...
	while(calculate <= 12)
	{
		//display...
		printf("%d  ", calculate);
		//increment by 1...repeats
		calculate++;
	}
	printf("\n");

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Nested while statements
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

//this program have some array variable
//that you will learn in another module...
void main()
{
	//array variable...
	int  arrange[5];
	//normal variable
	int  count = 0,
	number = 0;

	printf("\Prompting you for 5 numbers\n");
	printf("Each number should be from 1 to 10\n");
	
	//while condition...
	while(count<5)
	{
		//set the initial condition...
		number = 0;

		//another while condition...
		while((number < 1) || (number > 10))
		{
			printf("Enter number %d of 5: ", count + 1);
			scanf("%d", &number);
		}
		//inner while loop stop here...	
		arrange[count] = number;
		count++;
	}
	//outer while loop stop here...

	//start the for loop for printing the result...
	for (count = 0; count < 5; count++)
	printf("\nValue %d is %d", count + 1, arrange[count]);
	printf("\n");

	system("pause");
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//program to illustrate a do…while loop
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int   selection;
	
	do
	{
		cout<<"\n   	Menu"<<"\n";
		cout<<"\n   0.    Exit";
		cout<<"\n   1.    Append";
		cout<<"\n   2.    Delete";
		cout<<"\n   3.    Modify";
		cout<<"\n\n      Enter selection: ";
		cin>>selection;
	}while((selection > 0) && (selection < 4));
	//true for 1, 2 and 3 ONLY, then repeat
	//false for other numbers including 0, then stop...
	//the do loop is repeated if the while expression is true.

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//another do…while statement example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int get_menu_choice(void);

void main()
{
	int   choice;

	choice = get_menu_choice();

	printf("You have chosen Menu #%d\n", choice);
	printf("\n");

	system("pause");
}

int get_menu_choice(void)
{
	int selection = 0;

	do
	{
		printf("1   -  Add a record");
		printf("\n2   -  Change a record");
		printf("\n3   -  Delete a record");
		printf("\n4   -  Quit");
		printf("\nEnter a selection:  ");
		scanf("%d", &selection );
	} while ((selection < 1) || (selection > 4));

	return selection;
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//example of the continue
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
	//declare storage for input, an array
	//and counter variable
	char buffer[81];
	int ctr;

	//input and read a line of text using
	//puts() and gets() are pre defined functions
	//in stdio.h
	puts("Enter a line of text and press Enter key,");
	puts("all the vowels will be discarded!:\n");
	gets(buffer);

	//go through the string, displaying only those
	//characters that are not lowercase vowels
	for(ctr=0; buffer[ctr] != '\0'; ctr++)
	{
		//If the character is a lowercase vowel, loop back
		//without displaying it
		//this if statement must be in one line															if((buffer[ctr]=='a')||(buffer[ctr]=='e')||
		(buffer[ctr]=='i')||(buffer[ctr]=='o')||(buffer[ctr]=='u'))

		continue;

		//If not a vowel, display it
		putchar(buffer[ctr]);
	}
	printf("\n");

	system("pause");
 }

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//demonstrate the goto statement
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
	int   n;
	start: ;
	puts("Enter a number between 0 and 10: ");
	scanf("%d", &n);

	if ((n < 0) || (n > 10))
	goto  start;

	else if (n == 0)
		goto location0;
	else if (n == 1)
		goto location1;
	else
		goto location2;
	
	location0:  ;
	{
		puts("You entered 0.");
	}
	goto   end;

	location1: ;
	{
		puts("You entered 1.");
	}
	goto  end;
	location2: ;
	{
		puts("You entered something between 2 and 10.");
	}
	end: ;
	system("pause");
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

//function prototypes...
void cleanup1(void);
void cleanup2(void);

void main()
{
	atexit(cleanup2);
	atexit(cleanup1);
	//end of main
}

void cleanup1(void)
{
	//dummy cleanup.....
	printf("\nThis is the demonstration...\n");
	printf("cleanup....\n");
	printf("You computer is SHUTTING DOWN!!!");
	getchar();
}

void cleanup2(void)
{
	//another dummy cleanup...
	printf("\nAnother cleanup...");
	printf("\nWINDOWS 20000 is closing the entire program...");
	printf("\nPlease WAIT...");
	printf("\nSHUTTING DOWN IN PROGRESS...\n");
	getchar();
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Demonstrate the exit() and atexit() functions
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define  DELAY  1500000

//function prototypes
void  cleanup(void);
void  delay(void);

void main()
{
	int  reply;
	
	//register the function to be called at exit
	atexit(cleanup);
	puts("Enter 1 to exit, any other to continue.");
	scanf("%d", &reply);

	if(reply == 1)
		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

	//pretend to do some work
	for(reply = 0; reply < 5; reply++)
	{
		puts("WORKING...");
		delay();
	}
}//end of main

//function definition...
void  cleanup(void)
{
	puts("\nPreparing for exit");
	delay();
}

//function definition
void  delay(void)
{
	long  x;
	for(x = 0; x < DELAY; x++)
	;
	system("pause");
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Demonstrates the system() function
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
	//Declare a buffer to hold input
	char input[40];

	while (1)
	{
		//get the user command
		puts("\nInput the desired DOS command, blank to exit");
		gets(input);

		//Exit if a blank line was entered
		if(input[0] == '\0')
		exit(0);
	       
         //execute the command
         system(input);
	}
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//program showing function definition, declaration, call and
//the use of the return statement
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{

	float  y1, y2, avgy;
	//A prototype for the function avg()
	//that main() is going to call
	float  avg(float, float);
	

	y1=5.0;
	y2=7.0;

	//calling the function avg() i.e. control passes
	//to avg() and the return value is assigned to avgy
	avgy = avg(y1, y2);

	cout<<"\ny1 = "<<y1<<"\ny2 = "<<y2;
	cout<<"\nThe average is= "<<avgy<<endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

//Definition of the function avg(), avg() is
//of type float main() calls this function
float avg(float x1, float x2)     
{
	//avgx is a local variable
	float avgx;

	//Computes average and stores it in avgx.
	avgx = (x1+x2)/2;

	//returns the value in avgx to main() and
	//control reverts to main().
	return avgx;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//program showing a function of type void
//It has return statement
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	float y1, y2, avgy;

	//function prototype...
	//display-avg() is declared to be of type void
	void display_avg(float);
	
	y1 = 5.0;
	y2 = 7.0;

	cout<<"\ny1 = "<<y1<<"\ny2 = "<<y2;
	avgy = (y1 + y2)/2;     //compute average
	display_avg(avgy);      //call function display_avg()
	cout<<endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;  //return the value 0 to the environment
}

//display_avg() is of type void
void display_avg(float  avgx)  
{
	cout<<"\nThe average is = "<<avgx;
	return;
	//No value is returned to main()
//and control reverts to main().
//or just excludes the return word…
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//A pyramid of $ using nested loops
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define  VIEW '$'
//replace any occurrences of VIEW with character $

int main()
{
	int i, j;

	cout<<"Let have money pyramid!\n"<<endl;

	//first for loop, set the rows...
	for(i=1; i<=10; i++)
	{
		//second for loop, set the space...
		for(j=1; j<=10-i; j++)
		cout<<" ";
		//third for loop, print the $ characters...
		for(j=1; j<=2*i-1; j++)
			//print character...
			cout<<VIEW;
			//go to new line...
			cout<<"\n";
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//using break statement in a for structure
#include  <stdio.h>

int main()
{
	int x;

	for(x = 1; x <= 10; x++)
	{
		//break loop only if x == 5
		if (x == 5)
		break;
		printf("%d ", x);
	}
	printf("\nBroke out of loop at x == %d\n", x);
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//using the continue statement in a for structure
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int x;

	for(x = 1; x <= 10; x++)
	{
		//skip remaining code in loop only if x == 5
		if(x == 5)
		continue;
		printf("%d ", x);
	}
	printf("\nUsed continue to skip printing the value 5\n");

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//using for statement to calculate compound interest
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>  //for pow() function

int main()
{
	int year;
	double amount, principal = 1000.0, rate = 0.05;

	printf("%4s%21s\n", "Year", "Amount on deposit");

	for(year = 1; year <= 10; year++)
	{
		amount = principal * pow(1.0 + rate, year);
		printf("%4d%21.2f\n", year, amount);
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Counting letter grades using while, switch
//and multiple case
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int grade;
	int aCount=0,bCount=0,cCount=0,dCount=0,eCount=0,fCount = 0;

	printf("Enter the letter grades. \n");
	printf("Enter the EOF character, ctrl-c or\n");
	printf("ctrl-z, etc to end input.\n");

	while((grade = getchar()) != EOF)
	{
		//switch nested in while
		switch(grade)
		{
			//grade was uppercase A or lowercase a
			case 'A': case 'a':
			++aCount;
			break;
			//grade was uppercase B or lowercase b
			case 'B': case 'b':
			++bCount;
			break;
			//grade was uppercase C or lowercase c
			case 'C': case 'c':
			++cCount;
			break;
			//grade was uppercase D or lowercase d
			case 'D': case 'd':
			++dCount;
			break;
			//grade was uppercase E or lowercase e
			case 'E': case 'e':
			++eCount;
			break;
			//grade was uppercase F or lowercase f
			case 'F': case 'f':
			++fCount;
			break;
			//ignore these input
			case '\n': case ' ':
			break;
			//catch all other characters
			default:
			{printf("Incorrect letter grade entered.\n");
				printf("Enter a new grade.\n");}
			break;
			}
		}
	//Do the counting...
	printf("\nTotals for each letter grade are:\n");
	printf("\A:  %d\n", aCount);
	printf("\B:  %d\n", bCount);
	printf("\C:  %d\n", cCount);
	printf("\D:  %d\n", dCount);
	printf("\E:  %d\n", eCount);
	printf("\F:  %d\n", fCount);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

----------------------------------------------VC++/VC++ .Net--------------------------------------------------

//using for statement to calculate compound interest
#include <cstdio>
//for pow() function
#include <cmath>

int main()
{
	int  year;
	double  amount, principal = 1000.0, rate = 0.05;

	printf("%4s%21s\n", "Year", "Amount on deposit");
	for(year = 1; year <= 10; year++)
	{
		amount = principal * pow(1.0 + rate, year);
		printf("%4d%21.2f\n", year, amount);
	}
	return 0;
}

--------------------------------------------GCC on fedora----------------------------------------------------

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
char job_title;
int years_served, no_of_pub;

printf("               ---Enter data---\n");
printf("Your current job (Tutor-T, Lecturer-L or Assoc. Prof-A): ");
scanf("%s", &job_title);
printf("Years served: ");
scanf("%d", &years_served);
printf("No of publication: ");
scanf("%d", &no_of_pub);

if(job_title == 'A')
  if(years_served > 5)
    if(no_of_pub > 7)
       printf("\nCan be promoted to Professor\n");
    else
       printf("\nMore publications required lol! \n");
  else
   printf("\nMore service required lol\n");
else
printf("\nMust become Associate Professor first\n");
return 0;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*-----forloop.c-----------*/
/*-----First triangle-------*/
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int i, j, k, l;

printf("Triangle lol!\n");

/*first for loop, set the rows...*/
for(i=15; i>=0; i--)
{
  /*second for loop, set the space...*/
  for(j=15; j>=1+i; j--)
    printf(" ");
    /*third for loop, print the characters...*/
    for(j=1; j<=2*i+1; j++)
    /*print the character...*/
    printf("H");
  /*go to new line...*/
  printf("\n");
}

/*Another inverse triangle*/
for(k=1; k <= 16; k++)
{
 for(l=1; l<=16-k; l++)
   printf(" ");
    for(l=1; l<=2*k-1; l++)
     printf("T");
     printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*-----------whilelol.c---------------*/
/*Demonstrates a simple while statement*/
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int calculate, sum = 0;

/*print the numbers 1 through 12*/
/*set the initial value...*/
calculate = 1;

/*set the while condition...*/
while(calculate <= 10)
{
/*display...*/
printf("%d -->Sum = %d\n", calculate, sum);
sum = sum + calculate;
/*increment by 1...repeats*/
calculate++;
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*----- systemcall.c -------*/
/*Demonstrate the system() function*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
        //Declare a buffer to hold input
        char input[40];

        while (1)
        {
                //get the user command
                puts("\nInput the command, blank to exit");
                gets(input);
                //Exit if a blank line was entered
                if(input[0] == '\0')
                exit(0);
        //execute the command

        system(input);
        }
	return 0;
}

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