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MODULE 2a
MORE ON C/C++ CONSTRUCTS AND BASIC DATA TYPES 3
My Training Period: xx hours
ANSI C refers to ISO/IEC C. This is a continuation from previous Module. The source code for this Module is: C/C++ source codes and the practice worksheets: C/C++ basic data types and the C/C++ standard input, scanf()/scanf_s().
The C and C++ programming skills that should be acquired:
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Able to recognize and use the keywords and variables.
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Able to understand and use the constant, character and escape sequence.
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Able to understand and use the C typecasting/promotion.
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Able to understand the program examples and do the programming.
C and C++ Program Examples and Experiments
Example #1
// data types program example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() // main() function
{
int a = 3000; // positive integer data type
float b = 4.5345; // float data type
char c = 'A'; // char data type
long d = 31456; // long positive integer data type
long e = -31456; // long -ve integer data type
int f = -145; // -ve integer data type
short g = 120; // short +ve integer data type
short h = -120; // short -ve integer data type
double i = 5.1234567890; // double float data type
float j = -3.24; // float data type
cout<<"Welcome Ladies and Gentlemen!!\n";
cout<<"Here are the list of the C/C++ data type\n";
cout<<"\n1. This is positive integer number (int):\t\t"<<a;
cout<<"\n2. This is positive float number (float):\t\t"<<b;
cout<<"\n3. This is negative float number(float):\t\t"<<j;
cout<<"\n4. This is character data (char):\t\t\t"<<c;
cout<<"\n5. This is long positive integer number(long):\t\t"<<d;
cout<<"\n6. This is long negative integer number(long):\t\t"<<e;
cout<<"\n7. This is negative integer number(int):\t\t"<<f;
cout<<"\n8. This is short positive integer number(short):\t"<<g;
cout<<"\n9. This is short negative integer number(short):\t"<<h;
cout<<"\n10. This is double positive float number(double):\t"<<i;
cout<<"\n11.\'This is lateral string\'";
cout<<"\n\t---do you understand?----\n ";
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #2
| // another data type program example #include <iostream> using namespace std;
void main() // main() function { int p = 2000; // positive integer data type short int q = -120; // variation unsigned short int r = 121; // variation float s = 21.566578; // float data type char t = 'r'; // char data type long u = 5678; // long positive integer data type unsigned long v = 5678; // variation long w = -5678; // -ve long integer data type int x = -171; // -ve integer data type short y = -71; // short -ve integer data type unsigned short z = 99; // variation double a = 88.12345; // double float data type float b = -3.245823; // float data type cout<<"\t--Data type again--\n"; cout<<"\t-------------------\n"; cout<<"\n1. \"int\" sample: \t\t"<<p; cout<<"\n2. \"short\" int sample: \t"<<q; cout<<"\n3. \"unsigned short int\" sample: "<<r; cout<<"\n4. \"float\" sample: \t\t"<<s; cout<<"\n5. \"char\" sample: \t\t"<<t; cout<<"\n6. \"long\" sample: \t\t"<<u; cout<<"\n7. \"unsigned long\" sample: \t"<<v; cout<<"\n8. negative \"long\" sample: \t"<<w; cout<<"\n9. negative \"int\" sample: \t"<<x; cout<<"\n10. negative \"short\" sample: \t"<<y; cout<<"\n11. unsigned \"short\" sample: \t"<<z; cout<<"\n12. \"double\" sample: \t\t"<<a; cout<<"\n13. negative \"float\" sample: \t"<<b<<endl; }
|
Output:
Example#3
// program to calculate the circumference and area of circle
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// define identifier PI with constant, replace all the occurrence
// of PI with 3.14159 in the program...
#define PI 3.14159
// define identifier TWO with a constant
#define TWO 2.0
int main( )
{
float area, circumference, radius;
cout<<"\nEnter the radius of the circle in meter: ";
cin>>radius;
// circle area = PI*radius*radius
area = PI * radius * radius;
// circumference = 2*PI*radius
circumference = TWO * PI * radius;
// circle circumference
cout<<"\nCircumference = "<<circumference<<" meter";
// circle area
cout<<"\nCircle area = "<<area<<" square meter"<<endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #4
// using cout from iostream header file #include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main() { cout<<"Hello there.\n"; cout<<"Here is 7: "<<7<<"\n"; // other than escape sequence \n used for new line, endl... cout<<"\nThe manipulator endl writes a new line to the screen.\n"<<endl; cout<<"Here is a very big number:\t" << 10000 << endl; cout<<"Here is the sum of 10 and 5:\t" << (10+5) << endl; cout<<"Here's a fraction number:\t" << (float) 7/12 << endl; // simple type casting, from int to float cout<<"And a very very big number:\t" << (double) 7000 * 7000<< endl; // another type casting, from int to double cout<<"\nDon't forget to replace existing words with yours...\n"; cout<<"I want to be a programmer!\n"; return 0; }
Output:
Example #5
// comments in C/C++, using /* */ or //
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
/* this is a comment
and it extends until the closing
star-slash comment mark */
cout<<"Hello World! How are you?\n";
// this comment ends at the end of the line
// so, new comment line need new double forward slash
cout<<"That is the comment in C/C++ program!\n";
cout<<"They are ignored by compiler!\n";
// double slash comments can be alone on a line
/* so can slash-star comments */
/********************************/
return 0;
}
Output:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example #6
// using predefined sizeof() function, to display the data type size, 1 byte = 8 bits #include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main() { cout<<"The size of an int is:\t\t"<<sizeof(int)<<" bytes.\n"; cout<<"The size of a short int is:\t"<<sizeof(short)<<" bytes.\n"; cout<<"The size of a long int is:\t"<<sizeof(long)<<" bytes.\n"; cout<<"The size of a char is:\t\t"<<sizeof(char)<<" bytes.\n"; cout<<"The size of a float is:\t\t"<<sizeof(float)<<" bytes.\n"; cout<<"The size of a double is:\t"<<sizeof(double)<<" bytes.\n"; cout<<"The size of a bool is:\t\t"<<sizeof(bool)<<" bytes.\n"; return 0; }
Output:
Example #7
// demonstrates the use of variables #include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main() { unsigned short int Width = 7, Length; Length = 10; // create an unsigned short and initialize with result // of multiplying Width by Length unsigned short int Area = Width * Length; cout<<"Width:\t"<<Width<<"\n"; cout<<"Length: "<<Length<<endl; cout<<"Area: \t"<<Area<<endl; return 0; }
Output:
Example #8
// calculating the total amount of money earned in n days
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n;
int total, rate= 20;
cout<<"Enter number of days worked: ";
cin>>n;
total = n * rate;
cout<<"\n----------------------------";
cout<<"\n| For rate RM20 per day |";
cout<<"\n----------------------------";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\nFor "<<n<<" days of work, you have earned $ ";
cout<<total<<endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #9
// printing characters base on their respective integer numbers #include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main() { cout<<"For integer number from 32 till 127,\n"; cout<<"their representation for\n"; cout<<"characters is shown below\n\n"; cout<<"integer character\n"; cout<<"-------------------\n"; for (int i = 32; i<128; i++) // display up to 127... cout<<i<<" "<<(char) i<<"\n"; // simple typecasting, from int to char return 0; }
Output:
Further C and C++ reading and digging:
- The ASCII, EBCDIC and UNICODE character sets reference Table can be found here: Character sets Table.