-
Enter a sample input:
16,
22,
13,
19,
11,
-1
for the following experiment.
#include
<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int k, smallest;
printf("Enter integers,
when");
printf(" done enter
a ");
printf("negative number\n");
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
// assign the first number
to smallest variable
smallest = k;
// iterate while k >=
0
for( ; k >=
0; )
{
// if the entered number
is < smallest
if(k < smallest)
{
// then assign the number
to smallest variable...
smallest = k;
// do some checking...
printf("The smallest
number has just been changed to %d\n", smallest);
}
// read the next input....repeat
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
}
// print the smallest
number...
printf("The smallest
number is %d\n", smallest);
return 0;
}
-
Draw the flowchart.
-
When running this program, how many times
smallest changed?
-
When running this program with the following data: 11, 22, 13,
19, 16, -1, how many times did smallest
change?
-
Are the braces lined up with the if
statement necessary to give the same result?
-
Now try to alter the program so that it also prints the data
item that was entered. For example, with the following data:
11, 22, 13, 19, 16, -1, this should be printed: “The smallest
is 11 and it was data item number 1.” If you can’t do it, don’t
be concerned. The solution is in the next experiment.
To see
the program flow clearer, you can add some codes as shown below
and the output sample is on the right side.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int k, smallest;
printf("Enter
integers, when");
printf(" done
enter a ");
printf("negative
number\n");
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
// assign the first number to
smallest variable
smallest =
k;
printf("smallest=%d,
k=%d pos1\n", smallest, k);
// iterate while k >= 0
for( ; k >=
0; )
{
// if the entered number
is < smallest
if(k < smallest)
{
// then assign the number
to smallest variable...
smallest = k;
// do some checking...
printf("smallest=%d, k=%d pos2\n", smallest, k);
printf("The smallest number has just been changed to %d\n", smallest);
}
// read the next input....repeat
scanf_s("%d", &k, 1);
printf("smallest=%d, k=%d pos3\n", smallest, k);
}
// print the smallest number...
printf("The
smallest number is %d\n", smallest);
return 0;
}
|
-
3
times.
-
0
times, because the smallest number is the first entered data.
-
Yes.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int k, i,
item_num = 1, smallest;
printf("Enter
integers, when");
printf(" done
enter a ");
printf("negative
number\n");
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
// assign the first number to
smallest variable
smallest =
k;
// iterate while k >= 0
for(i=1; k
>= 0; i++)
{
// if the entered number is < smallest
if(k < smallest)
{
// then assign the number
to smallest variable...
smallest = k;
item_num = i;
// do some checking...
printf("The smallest number has just been changed to %d\n", smallest);
}
// read the next input....repeat
scanf_s("%d", &k, 1);
}
// print the smallest number...
printf("The
smallest number is %d and it is data item #%d\n", smallest, item_num);
return 0;
}
|
|
|
| |
|
-
Enter a sample input:
16,
22,
13,
19,
11,
-1
for the following experiment. The program will determine the smallest
number entered.
#include
<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int i, k,
smallest, item_num;
printf("Enter sample
integers, negative integer when done\n");
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
// assign the first input
to variable smallest
smallest = k;
// initialize the item_num
to 1
item_num = 1;
// start the for loop
for(i = 1;
k >= 0; i = i + 1)
{
// if the entered number
is < smallest...
if(k < smallest)
{
// assign the entered
number to smallest
smallest = k;
// assign the count to
item_num...
item_num = i;
}
// read next input...repeat
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
}
// print the result...
printf("The smallest
number was %d\n", smallest);
printf("and it was data
item number %d\n", item_num);
return 0;
}
-
Draw a tracechart and note how i
and item_num change.
-
Try altering the program so that it prints the smallest and
the largest numbers at the end of the loop. You may disregard
the variable item_num. However,
you will now need a variable called largest.
|
-
This
is left for your assignment!
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int i, k, smallest, item_num
= 1, item_num1 = 1, largest;
printf("Enter sample integers,
negative integer when done\n");
scanf_s("%d", &k, 1);
// assign the first input to
variable smallest & largest
smallest = k;
largest = k;
// start the for loop
for(i = 1; k >= 0; i =
i + 1)
{
// if the entered number
is < smallest...
if(k
< smallest)
{
// assign the entered
number to smallest
smallest = k;
// assign the count to
item_num...
item_num = i;
}
// if the entered number is >
largest...
if(k > largest)
{
// assign the entered
number to largest
largest = k;
// assign the count to
item_num1...
item_num1 = i;
}
// read next input...repeat
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
}
// print the result...
printf("The smallest number
was %d and it is data item # %d.\n", smallest, item_num);
printf("The largest number
was %d and it is data item # %d.\n", largest, item_num1);
return 0;
}
|
| |
|
-
Use a sample input:
16,
22,
13,
19,
11 and
-1
for the following experiment. This program will determine the smallest
and the largest numbers entered.
#include
<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int k, smallest,
largest;
printf("Enter sample
integers, negative integer when done\n");
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
// assign the first input
to variable smallest and largest
smallest = k;
largest = k;
// start the for loop
for( ; k >=
0; )
{
// if the entered number
is < smallest...
if(k < smallest)
// assign the entered
number to smallest
smallest = k;
// if the entered number is > largest...
if(k > largest)
// assign the entered number to largest
largest = k;
// read next input...repeat
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
}
// print the result...
printf("The smallest
number was %d\n", smallest);
printf("The largest
number was %d\n", largest);
return 0;
}
-
Draw the flowchart.
-
What were the different values of the
smallest and the largest
variables?
-
Is it possible for both if statements
to be true for a given k?
-
When using the following data: 16, 12, 17, 19, 11 and -1, what
were the different values of smallest?
What were the different values of largest?
|
-
The
largest is 16, 13 and 11 and the smallest is 16 and 22. You can
see this by adding some codes as shown below.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int k, smallest, largest;
printf("Enter sample integers,
negative integer when done\n");
scanf_s("%d", &k, 1);
// assign the first input to
variable smallest and largest
smallest = k;
largest = k;
// start the for loop
for( ; k >= 0; )
{
printf("smallest:%d,
largest:%d pos1\n", smallest, largest);
// if the entered number is <
smallest...
if(k < smallest)
// assign the entered number
to smallest
smallest =
k;
if(k > largest)
largest =
k;
// read next input...repeat
printf("smallest:%d,
largest:%d pos2\n", smallest, largest);
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
}
// print the result...
printf("smallest:%d, largest:%d
pos3\n", smallest, largest);
printf("The smallest number was
%d\n", smallest);
printf("The largest number was
%d\n", largest);
return 0;
}
-
Yes,
possible. This happens when only one input has been entered.
-
Different
values for smallest are 16, 12 and 11. Different values for largest
are 16, 17 and 19.
|
|
|
| |
|
-
Next, let try using a
break command. Run the following program
twice. For the first run, use 10 positive integers, for the second,
use
5,
12,
7,
2 and
-3.
#include
<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int i, k,
sum = 0, flag = 0;
printf("Enter 10 sample
integers, negative integer when done\n");
for(i = 1;
i <= 10; i = i + 1)
{
scanf_s("%d",
&k, 1);
// if k < 0...
if(k < 0)
{
flag = 1;
// break the loop...
break;
}
// for k > 0, do the sum
and repeat...
sum = sum + k;
}
if(flag ==
1)
printf("Unacceptable
data.\n");
else
printf("Sum = %d\n",
sum);
return 0;
}
-
When all positive numbers (k
> 0) entered, how many times did the loop executed?
-
When a negative number was entered,
did the loop execute the same number of times?
-
What do you think the
break statement does?
-
When do you think it may come in
handy?
-
The for
and if statements use parentheses.
Functions such as printf() and
strcpy() or
strcpy_s() also use parentheses.
Does break use parentheses?
|
-
10
times based on the for terminal condition, i <=10.
-
No.
The loop terminates.
-
Skip
or break the current processing.
-
To
skip processing when certain condition is met.
-
No.
|
| |
|
-
From
the previous experiments, we already explored how to combine two
decisions into one, how to negate or reverse a logical expression
and how to terminate a loop in midstream if
statement, for example, if an abnormal condition has occurred.
-
For
C/C++ programs it is very important to indent the code properly.
This will provide readability and maintainability. Fortunately,
newer compilers provide automatic indentation. In the exercises
that you have done, only a simple C codes used and what about if
the codes span hundreds or thousand line of codes?
-
Try
using the same relational operator throughout a flowchart for consistency.
For example, use only the >= operator
in a given flowchart because you can achieve the same result.
-
Keep
the true on the right side and false on the left side of decision
diamonds whenever possible. These rules make the logic easy to follow.
|
| |
|
-
For the following codes, indent correctly
and draw the flowchart.
-
if(sex
== 'm')
if (age
> 50) mold = mold + 1;
else myoung = myoung + 1;
else
if (age >
50) fold = fold + 1; else
fyoung = fyoung + 1;
-
if
(age > 50) { if
(smokes == 'y')
if (weight
> 150)
risk_factor
= 10;
else
risk_factor = 2; if
(excercises == 'n')
risk_factor =
risk_factor + 2; }
else printf("Forget
about it!\n");
|
if(sex == 'm')
if (age >
50)
mold = mold + 1;
else
myoung = myoung + 1;
else if (age > 50)
fold = fold
+ 1;
else fyoung = fyoung + 1;
if (age > 50)
{
if (smokes
== 'y')
if (weight > 150)
risk_factor = 10;
else risk_factor = 2;
if (excercises == 'n')
risk_factor = risk_factor + 2;
}
else printf("Forget about it!\n");
|
| |
|
-
Using the provided data in the Table,
complete the following flowchart to assign a proper value of
rate and then write a full working
program.
|
Unit used
(u)
|
Residential
rate
|
Commercial
rate
|
|
0 < units <=
200
|
0.8
|
0.6
|
|
200 < units
<= 999
|
0.7
|
0.3
|
|
Above 900
|
0.5
|
0.2
|
|
code
|
'r'
|
'c'
|
|
Table 2
|
|
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
double r =
0.0;
int electric_unit_used
= 0;
char prop_type
= '1';
printf("Enter
the type of property, c-commercial, r- residential:
");
scanf_s("%c",
&prop_type, sizeof(char));
printf("Enter
the electric unit used: ");
scanf_s("%d",
&electric_unit_used, sizeof(int));
if(prop_type
== 'c')
{
if(electric_unit_used <= 200)
{
r = 0.8;
printf("The rate is %.1f\n", r);
}
else if (electric_unit_used <= 999)
{
r = 0.7;
printf("The rate is %.1f\n", r);
}
else
{
r = 0.5;
printf("The rate is %.1f\n", r);
}
}
if(prop_type
== 'r')
{
if(electric_unit_used <= 200)
{
r = 0.6;
printf("The rate is %.1f\n", r);
}
else if (electric_unit_used <= 999)
{
r = 0.3;
printf("The rate is %.1f\n", r);
}
else
{
r = 0.2;
printf("The rate is %.1f\n", r);
}
}
return 0;
}
|
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| |
|
|
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|
